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Java try-catch block

Java try block

Java try block is used to enclose the code that might throw an exception. It must be used within the method.

If an exception occurs at the particular statement in the try block, the rest of the block code will not execute. So, it is recommended not to keep the code in try block that will not throw an exception.

Java try block must be followed by either catch or finally block.

Syntax of Java try-catch

Syntax of try-finally block

Java catch block

Java catch block is used to handle the Exception by declaring the type of exception within the parameter. The declared exception must be the parent class exception ( i.e., Exception) or the generated exception type. However, the good approach is to declare the generated type of exception.

The catch block must be used after the try block only. You can use multiple catch block with a single try block.

Internal Working of Java try-catch block

The JVM firstly checks whether the exception is handled or not. If exception is not handled, JVM provides a default exception handler that performs the following tasks:

• Prints out exception description.
• Prints the stack trace (Hierarchy of methods where the exception occurred).
• Causes the program to terminate.

But if the application programmer handles the exception, the normal flow of the application is maintained, i.e., rest of the code is executed.

Problem without exception handling

Let's try to understand the problem if we don't use a try-catch block.

Example 1

TryCatchExample1.java

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Output:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero          

As displayed in the above example, the rest of the code is not executed (in such case, the rest of the code statement is not printed).

There might be 100 lines of code after the exception. If the exception is not handled, all the code below the exception won't be executed.

Solution by exception handling

Let's see the solution of the above problem by a java try-catch block.

Example 2

TryCatchExample2.java

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Output:

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero rest of the code          

As displayed in the above example, the rest of the code is executed, i.e., the rest of the code statement is printed.

Example 3

In this example, we also kept the code in a try block that will not throw an exception.

TryCatchExample3.java

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Output:

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero          

Here, we can see that if an exception occurs in the try block, the rest of the block code will not execute.

Example 4

Here, we handle the exception using the parent class exception.

TryCatchExample4.java

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Output:

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero rest of the code          

Example 5

Let's see an example to print a custom message on exception.

TryCatchExample5.java

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Output:

Example 6

Let's see an example to resolve the exception in a catch block.

TryCatchExample6.java

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Output:

Example 7

In this example, along with try block, we also enclose exception code in a catch block.

TryCatchExample7.java

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Output:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero          

Here, we can see that the catch block didn't contain the exception code. So, enclose exception code within a try block and use catch block only to handle the exceptions.

Example 8

In this example, we handle the generated exception (Arithmetic Exception) with a different type of exception class (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException).

TryCatchExample8.java

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Output:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero          

Example 9

Let's see an example to handle another unchecked exception.

TryCatchExample9.java

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Output:

java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 10 rest of the code          

Example 10

Let's see an example to handle checked exception.

TryCatchExample10.java

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Output:

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Source: https://www.javatpoint.com/try-catch-block

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